Content
Genes : Nature, Concept and Synthesis
Ä Chemical nature of DNA
Ä Chemical composition
Ä Nucleotides, nucleosides
Ä Polynucleotides
Ä Chargaff's rule of equivalence
Ä Physical nature of DNA
Ä Watson and Cricks model of DNA
Ä Circular and superhelical DNA
Ä Organization of DNA in eukaryotes
Ä Structure of RNA
Ä Gene concept
Ä Units of a gene
Ä Cistron
Ä Recon
Ä Mutan
Ä Split genes (introns)
Ä RNA splicing
Ä Ribozyme
Ä Evolution of split genes
Ä Overlapping gene
Ä Gene organization
Ä Gene expression
Ä Gene regulation
Ä Transcription
Ä The lac operon (structural gene, operator gene, promoter gene and repressor gene)
Ä Artificial synthesis of genes
Ä Synthesis of a gene for yeast alanine tRNA
Ä Synthesis of a gene for bacterial tyrosine tRNA
Ä Synthesis of a human leukocyte interferon gene
Ä Gene synthesis by using mRNA
Ä Gene machine
Ä The PCR
Ä Amplification of DNA (melting of target DNA, annealing of primers, primer extension)
Ä Application of PCR technology
Tools of Genetic Engineering
Ä Enzymes
Ä Exonucleases
Ä Endonucleases
Ä Restriction endonucleases
Ä Nomenclature
Ä Example of some enzymes
Ä SI nuclease
Ä DNA ligases
Ä Alkaline phosphatase
Ä Reverse transcriptase
Ä DNA Polymerase
Ä Foreign DNA
Ä Cloning vectors
Ä Plasmids
Ä Bacteriophages
Ä Insertion vector
Ä Replacement vector
Ä Cosmids
Ä Phasmids
Ä cDNA Clone bank
Ä Gene bank (Genomic Library)
Ä Electrophoresis
Techniques of Genetic Engineering
Ä Gene cloning in prokaryotes
Ä Isolation of DNA to be cloned
Ä Insertion of DNA fragment into vector
Ä Use of restriction Linkers
Ä Use of homopolymer tails
Ä Transfer of recombinant DNA into bacterial cells
Ä Selection of clones
Ä Colony hybridization techniques
Ä In vitro translation technique
Ä Immunological tests
Ä Blotting Techniques
Ä Recovery of cells
Ä Expression of cloned DNA
Ä Shine-Dalgano sequence
Ä Expression vectors
Ä Gene cloning in eukaryotes
Ä Plant cells
Ä Yeasts
Ä Filamentous fungi
Ä Agrobacterium plasmids
Ä Plant cell transformation
Ä Plant cell transformation by ultrasonication
Ä Liposome mediated gene transfer
Ä Animal cell
Ä Animal viruses
Ä Electroporation
Ä Particle bombardment
Ä Microinjection
Ä Direct transformation
Ä Site directed mutagenesis
Ä Methods of mutagenesis
Genetic Engineering for Human Welfare
Ä Cloned genes and production of chemicals
Ä Human peptide hormone genes
Ä Insulines
Ä Somatotropin
Ä Somatostatin
Äb-endorphin
Ä Human interferon genes
Ä Genes for vaccines
Ä Vaccine for hepatitis-B virus
Ä Vaccines for Rabies virus
Ä Vaccines for poliovirus
Ä Vaccine for foot and mouth disease virus
Ä Vaccines for small pox virus
Ä Malaria vaccines
Ä DNA vaccines
Ä Genes associated with genetic diseases
Ä Phenylketonuria
Ä Urokinase
Ä Thalassaemia
Ä Hemophilia
Ä Enzyme engineering
Ä Commercial chemicals
Ä Prevention, diagnosis and cure of diseases
Ä Prevention of diseases
Ä Diagnosis of diseases
Ä Parasitic diseases
Ä Monoclonal antibodies
Ä Antenatal diagnosis
Ä Gene therapy
Ä Types of gene therapy
Ä Methods of gene therapy
Ä Success of gene therapy
Ä Potential of gene delivering system
Ä Future needs of gene therapy in India
Ä DNA profiling (fingerprinting)
Ä Methods of DNA profiling
Ä Application of DNA profiling
Ä Genetic databank
Ä Reuniting the lost children
Ä Solving disputed problems of parentage, identity of criminals, rapists, etc
Ä Immigrant dispute
Ä Hurdles of DNA profiling
Ä Animal and plant improvement
Ä Transgenic Farm Animals
Ä Crop Improvements
Ä Transgenic plants
Ä Nif gene transfer
Ä Phaseolin gene transfer
Ä Conversion of C3 plants to C4 plants
Ä Herbicide resistant plants
Ä Insect pest resistant plants
Ä Plant improvement through genetic transformation
Ä Crop Protection
Ä Use of antagonists
Ä Use of insecticides
Ä Abatement of pollution
