Plant Nutrient | Beneficial Elements - Nutrients for Plants | ePlantScience

⇒	Introduction
⇒	Aluminum-Accumulating Plants
⇒	Beneficial Effects of Aluminum in Plants
	⇒	Growth Stimulation
	⇒	Inhibition of Plant Pathogens
⇒	Aluminum Absorption and Transport within Plants
	⇒	Phytotoxic Species
	⇒	Absorption
	⇒	Aluminum Speciation in Symplasm
	⇒	Radial Transport
	⇒	Mucilage
⇒	Aluminum Toxicity Symptoms in Plants
	⇒	Short-Term Effects
		-	Inhibition of Root Elongation
		-	Disruption of Root Cap Processes
		-	Callose Formation
		-	Lignin Deposition
		-	Decline in Cell Division
	⇒	Long-Term Effects
		-	Suppressed Root and Shoot Biomass
		-	Abnormal Root Morphology
		-	Suppressed Nutrient Uptake and Translocation
		-	Restricted Water Uptake and Transport
		-	Suppressed Photosynthesis
		-	Inhibition of Symbiosis with Rhizobia
⇒	Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity in Plants
	⇒	Cell Wall
		-	Modification of Synthesis or Deposition of Polysaccharides
	⇒	Plasma Membrane
		-	Binding to Phospholipids
		-	Interference with Proteins Involved in Transport
			-	H⁺ -ATPases
			-	Potassium Channels
			-	Calcium Channel
			-	Magnesium Transporters
			-	Nitrate Uptake
			-	Iron Uptake
			-	Water Channels
		-	Signal Transduction
			-	Interference with Phosphoinositide Signal Transduction
			-	Transduction of Aluminum Signal
	⇒	Symplasm
		-	Disruption of the Cytoskeleton
		-	Disturbance of Calcium Homeostasis
		-	Interaction with Phytohormones
			-	Auxin
			-	Cytokinin
		-	Oxidative Stress
		-	Binding to Internal Membranes in Chloroplasts
		-	Binding to Nuclei
⇒	Genotypic Differences in Aluminum Response of Plants
	⇒	Screening Tests
	⇒	Genetics
⇒	Plant Mechanisms of Aluminum Avoidance or Tolerance
	⇒	Plant Mechanisms of Aluminum Avoidance
		-	Avoidance Response of Roots
		-	Organic Acid Release
		-	Exudation of Phosphate
		-	Exudation of Polypeptides
		-	Exudation of Phenolics
		-	Alkalinization of Rhizosphere
		-	Binding to Mucilage
		-	Binding to Cell Walls
		-	Binding to External Face of Plasma Membrane
		-	Interactions with Mycorrhizal Fungi
	⇒	Plant Mechanisms of Aluminum Tolerance
		-	Complexation with Organic Acids
		-	Complexation with Phenolics
		-	Complexation with Silicon
		-	Sequestration in Vacuole or in Other Organelles
		-	Trapping of Aluminum in Cells
⇒	Aluminum in Soils
	⇒	Locations of Aluminum-Rich Soils
	⇒	Forms of Aluminum in Soils
	⇒	Detection or Diagnosis of Excess Aluminum in Soils
		-	Extractable and Exchangeable Aluminum
		-	Soil-Solution Aluminum
	⇒	Indicator Plants
⇒	Aluminum in Human and Animal Nutrition
	⇒	Aluminum as an Essential Nutrient
	⇒	Beneficial Effects of Aluminum
		-	Beneficial Effects of Aluminum in Animal Agriculture
		-	Beneficial Uses of Aluminum in Environmental Management and Water Treatment
	⇒	Toxicity of Aluminum to Animals and Humans
		-	Toxicity to Wildlife
		-	Toxicity to Agricultural Animals
			-	Toxicity to Ruminants (Cattle and Sheep)
			-	Toxicity to Poultry
		-	Toxicity to Humans
			-	Overview of Aluminum Metabolism
			-	Overview of the Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity
⇒	Aluminum Concentrations
	⇒	In Plant Tissues
		-	Aluminum in Roots
		-	Aluminum in Shoots
	⇒	Soil Analysis
⇒	References

Topics covered in element Cobalt

⇒	Introduction
⇒	Distribution
	⇒	Microorganisms and Lower Plants
		-	Algae
		-	Fungi
		-	Moss
	⇒	Higher Plants
⇒	Absorption
⇒	Uptake and Transport
	⇒	Absorption as Related to Properties of Plants
	⇒	Absorption as Related to Properties of Soil
	⇒	Accumulation as Related to the Rhizosphere
⇒	Cobalt Metabolism in Plants
⇒	Effect of Cobalt in Plants on Animals
⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Metals and Other Chemicals in Mineral Metabolism
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Iron
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Zinc
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Cadmium
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Copper
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Manganese
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Chromium and Tin
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Magnesium
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Sulfur
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Nickel
	⇒	Interaction of Cobalt with Cyanide
⇒	Beneficial Effects of Cobalt on Plants
	⇒	Senescence
	⇒	Drought Resistance
	⇒	Alkaloid Accumulation
	⇒	Vase Life
	⇒	Biocidal and Antifungal Activity
	⇒	Ethylene Biosynthesis
	⇒	Nitrogen Fixation
⇒	Cobalt Tolerance by Plants
	⇒	Algae
	⇒	Fungi
	⇒	Higher Plants
⇒	References

Topics covered in element Selenium

⇒	The Element Selenium
	⇒	Selenium Chemistry
⇒	Selenium in Plants
	⇒	Uptake
	⇒	Metabolism
	⇒	Volatilization
	⇒	Phytoremediation
⇒	Selenium Toxicity to Plants
⇒	Selenium in the Soil
	⇒	Geological Distribution
	⇒	Selenium Availability in Soils
⇒	Selenium in Human and Animal Nutrition
	⇒	Dietary Forms
	⇒	Metabolism and Form of Selenium
⇒	Selenium and Human Health
	⇒	Selenium Deficiency and Toxicity in Humans
	⇒	Anticarcinogenic Effects of Selenium
	⇒	Importance of Selenium Methylation in Chemopreventive Activity
⇒	Selenium Enrichment of Plants
⇒	Selenium Tissue Analysis Values of Various Plant Species
⇒	References

Topics covered in element Silicon

⇒	Introduction
⇒	Historical Perspectives
⇒	Silicon in Plants
	⇒	Plant Absorption of Silicon
	⇒	Forms of Silicon in Plants
	⇒	Biochemical Reactions with Silicon
⇒	Beneficial Effects of Silicon in Plant Nutrition
	⇒	Effect of Silicon on Biotic Stresses
	⇒	Effect of Silicon on Abiotic Stresses
⇒	Effect of Silicon on Plant Growth and Development
	⇒	Effect of Silicon on Root Development
	⇒	Effect of Silicon on Fruit Formation
	⇒	Effect of Silicon on Crop Yield
⇒	Silicon in Soil
	⇒	Forms of Silicon in Soil
	⇒	Soil Tests
⇒	Silicon Fertilizers
⇒	Silicon in Animal Nutrition
⇒	References

Topics covered in element Sodium

⇒	Sodium in Soils and Water
	⇒	Salinity
	⇒	Sodicity
⇒	Sodium as an Essential Element
⇒	Beneficial Effects
	⇒	Growth Stimulation
	⇒	Interaction with Other Nutrients
⇒	Sodium in Fertilizers
⇒	Sodium Metabolism in Plants
	⇒	Effects on C4 Species
	⇒	Toxicity of Sodium
⇒	Intracellular and Intercellular Compartmentation
⇒	Sodium in Various Plant Species
⇒	References

Topics covered in element Vanadium

⇒	Historical
⇒	Growth Effects
	⇒	Growth Stimulation
	⇒	Toxicity
⇒	Metabolism
⇒	Vanadium in Plant Species
⇒	References


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