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Section: Genetics » Organization of Genetic Material » Split, Overlapping & Pseudogenes
 
 
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  Intron of one gene may contain exon of another gene
 
     
 
Content
Organization of Genetic Material 3.  Split Genes, Overlapping Genes and Pseudogenes
Split genes or interrupted genes 
Discovery and nature of split genes
R-loop mapping and restriction mapping of interrupted genes
Structure of chicken ovalbumin split gene
Split genes in fungal mitochondria
Split genes in chloroplasts
Intron of one gene may contain exon of another gene
Exon sequences are conserved, but intron sequences vary
Introns with coding sequences
Overlapping genes
Pseudogenes
Promiscuous DNA
Intron of one gene may contain exon of another gene
Sometimes more than one mRNA sequences may be derived from the same DNA segment, due to tissue specific expressions in different tissues. In this process, part of an intron for one gene is used as exon for another gene. Following four examples illustrate this phenomenon, (i) Amylase gene in mouse has two promoters, one of them expressed in liver and the other expressed in salivary gland. Consequently the 5' ends of precursor mRNAs differ. This leads to the presence of different coding sequences as exon 1 in the two cases (exon S in salivary gland and exon L in the liver).

The derivation of two mRNA from the same gene encoding two amylases is shown in Figure 29.10. It may be noted that exon L is actually derived from a part of the intron of the amylase gene tor salivary glands, (ii) During expression of immunoglobulin genes, substitution of one exon by another occurs at the 3' end of the transcript, resulting in proteins having different amino acid sequences at the C-terminal ends, (iii) During adenovirus late expression, the same transcript gives several mature mRNAs, each having the same leader sequence (not to be translated into protein product) derived from all the three exons (exons 1, 2 and 3) and a coding sequence derived from only one of the three available coding exons C1 C2 and C3 (Fig. 29.11). (iv) In troponin T gene for rat muscle, at the 3' end there are five exons, of which only four each take part in forming mature mRNAs for two different forms of troponin T. The two forms differ, depending upon which of the two alternative exons (α or β) is used to construct mRNA, the other exons (W, X, Z) being common (Fig. 29.12).
 
In mouse, derivation of two different amylase mRNAs from same DNA sequence, due to the presence of two promoters and differential RNA splicing.
Fig. 29.10. In mouse, derivation of two different amylase mRNAs from same DNA sequence, due to the presence of two promoters and differential RNA splicing.

During adenovirus late expression, derivation of different mRNAs from same DNA sequence, due to cleavage, so that same leader sequence (three exons) is joined with different exon sequences.
Fig. 29.11. During adenovirus late expression, derivation of different mRNAs from same DNA sequence, due to cleavage, so that same leader sequence (three exons) is joined with different exon sequences.
 
Derivation of α and β forms of troponin T from same DNA sequence, due to differential splicing patterns.
Fig. 29.12. Derivation of α and β forms of troponin T from same DNA sequence, due to differential splicing patterns.


 
     






     
     
 
 
     
 
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