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Section: Genetics » Expression of Gene » Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 
 
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  Expression of Gene : Protein Synthesis 4. Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 
     
 
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⇒ Expression of Gene : Protein Synthesis 4. Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
⇒ Formation of amino-acyl tRNA
⇒ Initiation of polypeptide 
⇒ Initiation in prokaryotes
⇒ Initiation in eukaryotes
⇒ Kozak's scanning hypothesis
⇒ Elongation of polypeptide
⇒ Binding of AA-tRNA at site 'A' of ribosome
⇒ Formation of peptide bond
⇒ Translocation of peptidyl tRNA from 'A' to 'P' site
⇒ Termination of polypeptide
⇒ Modification, folding and transport of released polypeptide
⇒ Translation in chloroplasts and mitochondria
The translation of protein synthesis involves translation of the language of nucleic acids (available in the form of mRNA) into language of proteins. This is much more complex than transcription and involves initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chains. These steps, diagrammatically represented in Figure 34.1 for prokaryotes and in Figure 34.2 for eukaryotes, will be discussed in this section. However, for initiation and elongation of a polypeptide, the formation of aminoacyl transfer RNAs (AA-tRNAs) is a prerequisite, which will also be described briefly.

Different steps (A-K) in the translation of mRNA molecule in bacterial system.
Fig. 34.1. Different steps (A-K) in the translation of mRNA molecule in bacterial system.

Different steps (A-J) in the translation of mRNA molecule in eukaryotes (reticulocytes).
Fig. 34.2. Different steps (A-J) in the translation of mRNA molecule in eukaryotes (reticulocytes).

 
     






     
     
 
 
     
 
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