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Section: Genetics » Expression of Gene » Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 
 
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  Chromatin structure and transcription
 
     
 
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⇒ Expression of Gene : Protein Synthesis 2.  Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
⇒ Transcription in prokaryotes 
⇒ Single RNA polymerase in E. coli
⇒ Promoter sites for initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
⇒ Initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis in prokaryotes
⇒ 'Inchworm model' for elongation of transcript
⇒ Elongation arrest vs termination of transcription
⇒ Termination and antitermination of mRNA synthesis in prokaryotes
⇒ Transcription in eukaryotes 
⇒ Multiple RNA polymerases in eukaryotes
⇒ Promoter, enhancer and silencer sites for initiation of transcription in eukaryotes
⇒ Transcription factors and initiation of RNA synthesis in eukaryotes
⇒ Formation of preinitiation (transcription) complex with RNA polymerase II (Pol II)
⇒ Structure and role of TFIID and other transcription factors (TBP, TAFs)
⇒ TFIIB domains for interaction with TFIID/TATA complex
⇒ Phosphorylation of CTD of a subunit of Pol II
⇒ Formation of pre-initiation complex with Pol I and Pol III
⇒ Separate DNA binding and transcription activation domains
⇒ Transcription factors and elongation of RNA chains in eukaryotes
⇒ Chromatin structure and transcription
⇒ Transcription in mitochondria
⇒ Transcription of vertebrate mtDNA
⇒ Transcription of yeast and plant mtDNA
⇒ Transcription in chloroplasts
Chromatin Structure and Transcription
Chromatin structure and nucleosome subunit were described in Organization of Genetic Material 1.  Packaging of DNA as Nucleosomes in Eukaryotes. Decondensation of large chromosomal domains (coiled and supercoiled) is a prerequisite for transcription This involves the following steps (also consult Organization of Genetic Material 1.  Packaging of DNA as Nucleosomes in Eukaryotes): (i) Some activator proteins bind and bring about the formation of nucleosome free regions; how these proteins gain access to specific DNA sequences in chromatin is not known, but non-histone proteins may help in this process. The amino-terminal regions of H3 and H4 may also undergo acetylation, which is correlated with high level of transcription, (ii) In the nucleosome-free region thus generated, additional transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind. Transcription is thus initiated, (iii) RNA poiymerases can Bring about elongation of transcripts through regions of DNA coiled in the nucleosomes. Histones may be dislodged in this process.

 
     






     
     
 
 
     
 
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